Pengaruh Perlakuan Kimia dan Enzimatis terhadap Sifat Mekanik Serat Pelepah Kelapa Sawit untuk Aplikasi Komposit Berkelanjutan
Abstract
Studi ini secara komprehensif mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan kimia (NaOH dan H₂O₂) serta enzimatis (bromelain dan papain) terhadap sifat mekanik serat pelepah kelapa sawit (SPKS) dalam kerangka pengembangan komposit berkelanjutan. Serat hasil ekstraksi dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan diameter, kekuatan tarik, dan modulus elastisitas setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan NaOH memberikan efek paling signifikan, ditandai dengan penyusutan diameter hingga 46% (0,4605 mm), peningkatan kekuatan tarik hingga 209,050 MPa, serta kenaikan modulus elastisitas menjadi 3,575 GPa. Sebaliknya, perlakuan H₂O₂ hanya menghasilkan perbaikan terbatas, sementara perlakuan enzimatis menunjukkan kontribusi moderat. Papain memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan bromelain, dengan kekuatan tarik 86,231 MPa dan modulus 2,261 GPa, meskipun efektivitasnya masih jauh di bawah NaOH. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa perlakuan alkali tetap menjadi pendekatan paling efektif untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik serat alam, sedangkan perlakuan enzimatis lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai metode pelengkap yang ramah lingkungan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya strategi optimasi perlakuan serat untuk memperbaiki rasio aspek, memperkuat adhesi serat–matriks, dan meningkatkan performa mekanik komposit berbasis serat alam.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v13i2.2740
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