TEKNOLOGI BIOGAS DENGAN BAHAN BAKU BERSUMBER DARI LIMBAH SAPI

Abstract

Teknologi biogas saat ini sudah dikembangkan oleh masyarakat pedesaan. Teknologi biogas bermanfaat dalam meminimalkan pencemaran lingkungan. Teknologi biogas telah dikembangkan di pedesaan dengan memanfaatkan limbah kotoran ternak sapi. Permasalahannya sejauhmana teknologi biogas dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pedesaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pemanfaatan kotoran sapi dan manfaat biogas bagi masyarakat pedesaan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei, dengan pendekatan PRA dan studi kasus. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Penentuan lokasi Kecamatan dan Desa sampel adalah secara purposive sampling. Kecamatan yang dipilih adalah Kecamatan Sangkub yang memiliki populasi sapi terbanyak. Desa yang dipilih adalah Desa Sidodadi dan Tombolango yang memiliki kelompok petani yang telah memanfaatkan biogas bersumber dari kotoran sapi. Responden ditentukan secara purposive sampling yaitu petani yang memanfaatkan biogas, pejabat Dinas Pertanian Peternakan dan penyuluh. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Teknologi biogas diintroduksi bagi petani yang memiliki ternak sapi yang dikandangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ternak sapi milik petani dalam kelompok Beringin Jaya berjumlah 6 ekor dan kelompok Keong Mas 24 ekor. Limbah ternak sapi bila tidak diminimalkan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap pencemaran lingkungan. Reaktor dibangun untuk menampung limbah kotoran sapi dan menghasilkan gas. Biogas bersumber dari limbah sapi telah dihasilkan dan dimanfaatkan oleh petani peternak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologi biogas bermanfaat bagi petani dalam minimalisasi biaya pembelian gas LPG dan menghasilkan pupuk cair. Saran, perlu sosialisasi dan intervensi pemerintah untuk introduksi biogas bagi petani yang lain.

Kata Kunci : teknologi, biogas, limbah, ternak sapi

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY WITH RAW MATERIALS SOURCED FROM CATTLE WASTE

Currently, biogas technology has been developed by rural communities. Biogas technology was useful in minimizing environmental pollution. Biogas technology was developed in rural areas by utilizing cattle waste. The problem was the extent to which biogas technology was used by rural communities. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the use of cattle waste and the benefits of biogas for rural communities in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The research method used was a survey method, with the PRA approach and case studies. The data collected were primary and secondary data. The determination of the locations of the sample districts and villages was purposive sampling. The district chosen was Sangkub District which had the largest cattle population. The villages chosen were Sidodadi and Tombolango which had groups of farmers who have used biogas from cattle waste. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling, namely farmers who use biogas, officials from the Department of Agriculture and Livestock and extension workers. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Biogas technology was introduced for farmers who had cattles that were penned. The results showed that the number of cattles belonging to farmers in the Beringin Jaya group was 6 cows and 24 cows in the Keong Mas group. If not minimized, cattle waste had a negative impact on environmental pollution. The biogas reactor was built to accommodate cattle waste and produce gas. Biogas with raw materials sourced from cow waste was produced and utilized by farmers. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that biogas technology was beneficial for farmers in minimizing the cost of purchasing LPG gas and producing liquid fertilizer. Suggestions, socialization and government intervention was needed for the introduction of biogas for other farmers.

Keywords: technology, biogas, waste, cattle