Analysis of Indonesian and Thai Governments Policies in Handling Human Trafficking Cases (2021-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32487/jshp.v9i1.2380Keywords:
human trafficking, policy, indonesian government, thai government, ACFAbstract
This study contrasts the policies of the Indonesian and Thai governments in handling human trafficking cases (2021-2023). Human trafficking is the crime of commercially trading human beings either through sexual exploitation or forced labour. As ASEAN countries, Indonesia and Thailand contribute to the number of these crimes. Throughout 2021-2023, the human trafficking tier-placement in both countries showed fluctuating conditions but also continued to increase. The role of the government is needed in efforts to handle this case, although its implementation also involves massive collaboration from various components. A descriptive qualitative methodology centred on library research analysis was selected as the primary way for acrticulating the findings of this study. By comparing secondary data consisting of various literatures and applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) theory, the findings in this study show that the policies of the Indonesian and Thai governments in handling human trafficking cases have not been fully maximized. Nevertheless, the presence of interest groups is very influential in supporting the process of monitoring, formulating, and evaluating more optimal government policies.References
’Ishmah, D. S., Aqimuddin, E. A., & Izadi, F. F. (2023). Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Wanita Indonesia dalam Kasus Perdagangan Manusia di Kamboja. JRIH: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 3(1), 17–20. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrih.v3i1.2112
Abdussamad, Z. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (P. Rapanna (ed.); 1st ed.). Syakir Media. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=JtKREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&hl=id&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Adlini, M. N., Dinda, A. H., Yulinda, S., Chotimah, O., & Merliyana, S. J. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 974–980. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394
Afriansyah, R., Febrianti, V., & Sari, I. (2022). Upaya Asean dalam Menangani Human Rafficking di Regional Asean (Studi Kasus: Perdagangan Perempuan & Anak). Aufklarung: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(3), 225–230. https://www.pijarpemikiran.com/index.php/Aufklarung/article/view/252
Agustina, I. (2016). Ketidakefektifan Program Pemerintah Thailand dalam Menjalankan Rekomendasi UNIAP. Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional, 5(2), 507–516. https://journal.unair.ac.id/JAHI@table_of_content_131_volume5_nomor2.html
Arby, D. L. A., Damayanti, C., & Dipokusumo. (2020). Upaya UNIAP dalam Menangani Human Trafficking di Thailand. SOLIDARITAS Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 4(2). https://ejurnal.unisri.ac.id/index.php/sldrts/article/view/5513/3921
Chantavanich, S. (2020). Thailand’s Challenges in Implementing Anti-Trafficking Legislation: The Case of the Rohingya. Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(2), 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2020.1691825
CNN.Indonesia. (2023). 3 Petugas Imigrasi Jadi Tersangka Kasus Jual Ginjal ke Kamboja. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20230728212758-12-979277/3-petugas-imigrasi-jadi-tersangka-kasus-jual-ginjal-ke-kamboja
Daud, B. S., & Sopoyono, E. (2019). Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Perdagangan Manusia (Human Trafficking) di Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 1(3), 352–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i3.352-365
Dina, S. R. M., & Kusumaningrum, D. N. (2023). Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Dalam Menangani Kasus Perdagangan Manusia Di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. JISPAR: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Pemerintahan, 12(1), 171–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37304/jispar.v12i1.7985
Febriyanti, D., & Isabella. (2016). Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) di Luar Negeri pada Tahap Pra Penempatan (Studi Kasus TKI Kota Palembang). Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 1(2), 22–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v1i2.703
GI-TOC. (2023). Global Organized Crime Index 2023. Global Initiative Againts Transnational Organized Crime. https://ocindex.net/rankings/human_trafficking?f=rankings&view=Cards&group=Region&order=DESC&criminality-range=0%2C10&state-range=0%2C10
Gumilang, N. A. (2022). Penelitian Deskriptif Adalah: Pengertian, Kriteria, dan Ciri-Cirinya. Gramedia.Com. https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/penelitian-deskriptif/
Indonesia.go.id. (2023). Kasus Perdagangan Orang Jadi Isu Prioritas ASEAN. Portal Informasi Indonesia. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/ragam-asean-2023/7115/kasus-perdagangan-orang-jadi-isu-prioritas-asean?lang=1
IOM-GMDAC. (2023). Migration data in South-eastern Asia. IOM Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC). https://www.migrationdataportal.org/regional-data-overview/south-eastern-asia
Islam, F. D. N., Vergiawan, G., & Zaluchu, F. H. N. (2024). Upaya Penanggulangan Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia: Tinjauan terhadap Kebijakan dan Kinerja Pemerintah. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(2), 1961–1971. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i2.3332
Kemenko.PMK. (2023). Sosialisasi dan Edukasi Pencegahan dan Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Kemekopmk.Go.Id. https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/sosialisasi-dan-edukasi-pencegahan-dan-penanganan-tindak-pidana-perdagangan-orang
Kemensetneg.RI. (2023). Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 69 Tahun 2008 Tentang Gugus Tugas Pencegahan dan Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/258462/perpres-no-49-tahun-2023
Khairi, N. F. (2021). Upaya ASEAN dalam Menangani Masalah Perdagangan Manusia di Asia Tenggara. Anterior Jurnal, 20(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v20i2.1795
Komdigi. (2023). Pemerintah Serius Tangani Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Komdigi.Go.Id. https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/berita-pemerintahan/detail/pemerintah-serius-tangani-tindak-pidana-perdagangan-orang
Latifah, A., & Noveria, M. (2014). The Gender Perspective on Human Trafficking in Indonesia. Jurnal Masyarakat & Budaya, 16(3), 373–382. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14203/JMB.V16I3.37
Nur, A., Yuzar, S. K., & Ananda, F. (2023). Understanding Human Trafficking In The Perspective Of Al-Azhar Interpretation (Review Surah Yusuf [12]: 19-20). Jurnal Ushuluddin, 31(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.24014/jush.v31i2.21977
Nurrahmah, E. I., Mutthu, Z. Z., Monoarfa, N., & Kleden, K. L. (2023). Tantangan dan Strategi Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Seminar Nasional Hukum Dan Pancasila, 2(9), 12–23. https://conference.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/snhp/article/view/2415
Nurul, I., Sagita, O., Permatasari, W., Tivanny, C., & Antoni, H. (2023). Upaya Thailand Dalam Mengatasi Prostitusi Sebagai Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (Human Trafficking) Melalui Kerja Sama Internasional. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP), 6(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.34012/jihp.v6i1.3536
Oktavian, A., Haryadi, A., Tine Ratna Poerwantika, & Windary, S. (2018). Peran International Organization of Migration (IOM) dalam Menanggulangi Kasus Human Trafficking di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politik Dan Hubungan Internasional Ke-1 Tahun 2018, 167–177. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/id/eprint/55632
Omega, C., Murdani, A. D., & Widhiyoga, G. (2023). Upaya Multi Track Diplomacy Pemerintah Thailand dalam Menangani Permasalahan Perdagangan Manusia di Thailand pada 2015-2017. IJPSS: Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies, 5(1), 34–55. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v5i1.122
Pinatih, N. K. D. A. (2023). PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA DI ASIA TENGGARA: Fenomena, Penanganan, dan Respons Regional (N. K. D. A. Pinatih (ed.); 1st ed.). UB Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=Myv7EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=perdagangan+manusia+di+asia+tenggara&ots=VMNAxn5WaF&sig=QecSyDxSK-fHX97VRv4dsdEaEd0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=perdagangan manusia di asia tenggara&f=false
Puspasari, A. D., Rizkina, B. A. I., & Kumakauw, M. A. (2023). Peran Imigrasi Indonesia dalam Melawan Kejahatan Transnasional, Penyelundupan Manusia dan Perdagangan Orang. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(2), 1519–1527. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.3121
Puspitasari, K., & Iqbal, M. (2023). Prioritas Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di ASEAN. Setkab.Go.Id. https://setkab.go.id/prioritas-penanganan-tindak-pidana-perdagangan-orang-di-asean/
Putri, I. O. (2023). Kemensos Telah Tangani 618 Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Kemensos.Go.Id. https://kemensos.go.id/kemensos-telah-tangani-618-korban-tindak-pidana-perdagangan-orang
Ramadhan, R., Anwar, M. C., & Sajidin, M. (2023). Upaya ASEAN dalam Menangani Kejahatan Transnasional Perdagangan Narkoba, Perdagangan Manusia dan Terorisme di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. IJPSS: Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies, 5(1), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v5i1.120
Royal Thai, G. (2021). Royal Thai Government’s Country Report on Anti-Human Trafficking Efforts. In ASEAN-Australia Counter Trafficking (Issue December). https://aseanactpartnershiphub.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Thailands-Country-Report-on-Anti-Human-Trafficking-Efforts-2021.pdf
Sabatier, P. A. (2018). Theories of the Policy Process (4th ed.). Routletge Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780367274689/theories-policy-process-second-edition-paul-sabatier?refId=5af16c9f-e0f9-42df-b51a-f3d054e37886&context=ubx
Sabatier, P. A., & Weible, C. M. (2007). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: Innovations and Clarifications. In Routledge Taylor & Francis Group (2nd ed.). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780367274689-7/advocacy-coalition-framework-paul-sabatier-christopher-weible
Saner, R., Yiu, L., & Rush, L. (2018). The measuring and monitoring of human trafficking. Public Administration and Policy, 21(2), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-10-2018-011
Sitinjak, C. M., Kurniawan, S. M. D., & Paramahita, S. (2022). Upaya Asean Menangani Perdagangan Manusia Di Asia Tenggara. Jurnal Pena Wimaya, 2(2), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v2i2.7183
State.gov. (2023). 2023 Trafficking in Persons Report. https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/
State.gov. (2024). 2024 Trafficking in Persons Report: Thailand. U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/thailand/#:~:text=In 2023%2C the government provided,for living expenses%2C payments for
Steven, A., Wijaya, D., & Tedjokusumo, D. D. (2024). Peran Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara dalam Menanggulangi Eksploitasi Perempuan dan Anak. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(6), 2261–2271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i6.1217
Sulaksono, E. (2018). The Patterns of Human Trafficking of Indonesian Migrant Workers: Case Study of the Riau Islands and Johor Border Crossing. Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi, 23(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v23i2.6562
Usaid.gov. (2023a). USAID’s Thailand Counter Trafficking in Persons Project Signs MOU with Thailand’s Ministry of Labor and Department of Fisheries to Reduce Worker Vulnerability to Human Trafficking. Usaid.Gov. https://www.usaid.gov/thailand/news/may-3-2023-usaid-thailand-counter-trafficking-persons-project-signs-mou-thailands-ministry-labor-and-department-fisheries-reduce-worker-vulnerability-human-trafficking
Usaid.gov. (2023b). USAID Thailand Counter Trafficking in Persons. Usaid.Gov. https://www.usaid.gov/asia-regional/fact-sheets/usaid-thailand-counter-trafficking-persons
Walkfree.Org. (2023). The Global Slavery Index 2023. https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/downloads/
Weible, C. M. ., Sabatier, P. A. ., Jenkins-Smith, H. C. ., Nohrstedt, D., Henry, A. D., & DeLeon, P. (2011). A quarter century of the advocacy coalition framework: An introduction to the special issue. The Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00412.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of JSHP right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to scopy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
