ANALISA KERUSAKAN PISTON MESIN DIESEL POMPA BANJIR DAN OPTIMASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN

Mochamad Sugiri, D. N. Adnyana

Abstract


Untuk mengatasi banjir di Jakarta, Dinas Sumber Daya Air DKI Jakarta menyiagakan144
(seratus empat puluh empat) rumah pompa yang melintasi kali Ciliwung. Selain menyiagakan
rumah-rumah pompa, DKI Jakarta juga menyiapkan 133 (seratus tiga puluh tiga) pompa portable
(mobile) yang tersebar di 5 (lima) wilayah kota administratif. Dari informasi yang diperoleh
diketahui bahwa bulan Januari 2018 telah terjadi kerusakan pada piston mesin diesel 1103 Series,
penggerak Generator 50 kVA, 36 kW yang beroperasi di pompa banjir wilayah Jakarta.
Diidentifikasi faktor penyebab kerusakan adalah diawali adanya indikasi temperatur tinggi pada
dinding silinder yang mengakibatkan piston tidak bergerak (stuck) akbat dari kurangnya
pelumasan dalam cylinder block. Selanjutnya penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab
kerusakan yang terjadi pada mesin diesel pompa banjir di Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metodologi penelitian yang memiliki proses tahapan pengujian, yaitu: pengujian
makroskopik, pengujian metalografi, analisa komposisi kimia, pengujian kekerasan, pengujian
SEM (Scaning Electron Macroscopy) yang dilengkapi dengan analisa EDXS (Energy Dispersive
X-ray Spectroscopy), pengujian oli bekas (Schedule Oil Sampling). Dari hasil pembahasan,
diperoleh akibat dari kerusakan piston mesin diesel pompa banjir yaitu dengan dilakukannya:
pengujian metalografi dimana diperoleh struktur mikro piston berupa aluminium dendrite yang
menandakan piston mengalami local melting yang mengakibatkan local overheating, pengujian
viskositas (kekentalan) oli bekas didapat: TBN (Total Base Number) pada oli sedikit rendah,
oksidasi sedikit di atas normal karena pembakaran yang kurang sempurna, adanya kenaikan
(selisih) pada unsur Fe dan Cu pada oli bekas yaitu sebesar 9 ppm dan 3 ppm. Jika kandungan Fe
lebih besar akan mengakibatkan kerusakan Liner Cylinder Block dan piston dan apabila Cu lebih
besar maka akan mengakibatkan kerusakan pada bearing. Dari hasil penelitian ini perlu adanya
optimasi sistem manajemen pemeliharaan yaitu: melaksanakan Standard Operation Procedure
(SOP), melakukan pemeliharaan prediktif terhadap komponen mesin diesel, melakukan
pemeliharaan preventif terhadap komponen mesin diesel.


Kata Kunci: kerusakan, pompa, piston, pelumasasan, local melting, local overheating, manajemen pemeliharaan


FAILURE ANALYSIS OF PISTON DIESEL ENGINE FLOOD PUMP AND
OPTIMIZATION OF MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM


To deal with floods in Jakarta, the DKI Jakarta Water Resources Office has alerted 144 (one
hundred and forty four) pump houses across the Ciliwung River. In addition to alerting pump
houses, DKI Jakarta is also preparing 133 (one hundred thirty-three) portable (mobile) pumps
spread across 5 (five) administrative city areas. From the information obtained it is known that in
January 2018 there has been damage to the 1103 Series diesel engine pistons, 50 kVA, 36 kW
generator drivers operating in the Jakarta area flood pump. The cause of the damage was identified
as a high temperature indication on the cylinder wall which caused the piston to be stuck (stuck)
due to lack of lubrication in the cylinder block. Furthermore, this study will identify the causes of
damage that occurs in flood pump diesel engines in West Jakarta. This study uses a research
methodology that has a process of testing phases, namely: macroscopic testing, metallographic
testing, chemical composition analysis, hardness testing, SEM (Scaning Electron Macroscopy)
testing which is equipped with EDXS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis, used oil
testing (Schedule Oil Sampling). From the results of the discussion, it is obtained as a result of damage to the diesel engine piston pump flooding, namely by doing: metallographic testing in which the micro piston structure is obtained in the form of aluminum dendrite which indicates the piston has local melting resulting in local overheating, viscosity testing (viscosity) of used oil obtained: TBN (Total Base Number) in oil is slightly low, oxidation is slightly above normal due to incomplete combustion, there is an increase (difference) in the elements of Fe and Cu in used oil that is equal to 9 ppm and 3 ppm. If the Fe content is greater it will cause damage to the Liner Cylinder Block and piston and if Cu is greater then it will cause damage to the bearing. From the results of this study there needs to be an optimization of the maintenance management system, namely: implementing Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), perform predictive maintenance of diesel engine components, preventive maintenance of diesel engine components.

Keywords: failure, pump, piston, lubrication, local melting, local overheating, maintenance management




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