Evaluasi Sistem Pemantauan Cuaca Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Pada Lahan Perkebunan

Pria Nur Islam; Afu Ichsan Pradana; Dwi Hartanti

Authors

Pria Nur Islam Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta
Afu Ichsan Pradana Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta
Dwi Hartanti Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta

Keywords:

Automatic Weather Station, Internet of Things (IoT), MQTT, Quality of Service, Rapid Application Development

Abstract

Perubahan iklim yang ekstrem memerlukan adanya infrastruktur untuk pemantauan cuaca mikro yang akurat dalam sektor pertanian terbuka, demi mengurangi risiko pada operasi agribisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan prototipe Automatic Weather Station (AWS) berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) di Pakebun Outdoor dan melakukan evaluasi terhadap kinerja Quality of Service (QoS) jaringan telemetri luar ruangan menggunakan dua protokol, yaitu MQTT dan HTTP POST. Sistem dibangun dengan menerapkan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD), menggunakan arsitektur middleware ganda pada Node-RED untuk memfasilitasi transmisi data secara bersamaan ke basis data time-series InfluxDB. Validasi dilakukan melalui pengujian Black Box dan pemantauan QoS di lapangan selama 30,8 jam tanpa henti. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kedua protokol dapat mengumpulkan 5.768 paket data dengan tingkat kehilangan paket yang sangat rendah, yaitu 0,02%. Namun, MQTT menunjukkan keunggulan dengan rata-rata delay yang lebih rendah, yaitu 1.647,53 ms, sementara transmisi HTTP POST mencatatkan 1.652,05 ms. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tidak adanya siklus TCP handshake yang berulang pada MQTT. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa protokol MQTT lebih andal dan efisien dalam hal latensi dibandingkan HTTP POST untuk keperluan telemetri lingkungan luar ruangan. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini memberikan dasar empiris yang baru dalam memilih protokol komunikasi yang paling efektif bagi pengembangan sistem digitalisasi pertanian presisi.

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