Karakteristik Mekanik dan Morfologi Komposit Polimer Berpenguat Selulosa Batang Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Akibat Perlakuan Alkalisasi

Aditya Budi Sasongko; Sis Nanda Kus Andrianto; Jibril Maulana

Authors

Aditya Budi Sasongko Universitas Negeri Malang
Sis Nanda Kus Andrianto Universitas Negeri Malang
Jibril Maulana Universitas Negeri Malang

Keywords:

serat batang rambutan, perlakuan alkali, komposit polimer, uji tarik, morfologi

Abstract

Pemanfaatan serat alam sebagai bahan penguat pada komposit polimer terus dikembangkan sebagai alternatif pengganti serat sintetis yang kurang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji potensi limbah serat batang rambutan sebagai material penguat dalam matriks polimer. Salah satu kendala utama penggunaan serat alam adalah sifatnya yang hidrofilik sehingga ikatan antarmuka dengan matriks menjadi kurang optimal. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan modifikasi permukaan melalui perlakuan alkalisasi menggunakan larutan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) 5% selama 2 jam. Karakterisasi material meliputi analisis komposisi kimia menggunakan metode Van Soest, pengujian kekuatan tarik spesimen komposit, serta pengamatan morfologi hasil patahan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil analisis Van Soest menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar lignin yang signifikan setelah proses alkalinisasi, sehingga meningkatkan kekasaran permukaan serat. Pengujian mekanik memperlihatkan bahwa komposit yang diperkuat dengan serat hasil perlakuan alkali memiliki kekuatan tarik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan komposit dengan serat tanpa perlakuan. Pengamatan SEM juga mengonfirmasi adanya peningkatan ikatan antarmuka antara serat dan matriks, yang ditandai dengan berkurangnya fenomena fiber pull-out pada area patahan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi kimia pada serat batang rambutan mampu menghasilkan komposit ramah lingkungan dengan performa mekanik yang lebih baik.

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