Analisis Karakteristik Tarik Material PLA–PETG Hasil Cetak 3D Berbasis Fused Deposition Modeling

Ikmal Feri Hilmiawan; Sis Nanda Kus Andrianto; Ilman Nur Sasongko

Authors

Ikmal Feri Hilmiawan Universitas Negeri Malang
Sis Nanda Kus Andrianto Universitas Negeri Malang
Ilman Nur Sasongko Universitas Negeri Malang

Keywords:

3D Printing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Automatic Material System (AMS), PLA-PETG, Kekuatan Tarik, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi komposisi polylactic acid (PLA) dan polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) terhadap kekuatan tarik (tensile strength) serta karakteristik morfologi patahan pada spesimen hasil cetak 3D dengan metode Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Pencetakan spesimen dilakukan menggunakan sistem Automatic Material System (AMS) yang memungkinkan transisi dan penggabungan dua material dalam sekali proses cetak. Spesimen uji dirancang mengacu pada standar ASTM D638 type III dengan lima variasi komposisi, yaitu PLA 100%, PLA 75%-PETG 25%, PLA 50%-PETG 50%, PLA 25%-PETG 75%, dan PETG 100%. Kinerja mekanik material dievaluasi melalui pengujian tarik untuk mendapatkan nilai ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation at break, dan modulus elastisitas, sedangkan morfologi patahan diamati pada skala mikro menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pengaruh komposisi terhadap respons mekanik divalidasi secara statistik menggunakan analisis one-way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa rasio PLA dan PETG memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kekuatan mekanik spesimen. Spesimen PLA murni mencatatkan nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 43,36 MPa, dan kekuatan tarik menurun secara konsisten seiring bertambahnya persentase PETG. Pada spesimen hibrida, kombinasi PLA 75%-PETG 25% terbukti menjadi komposisi paling optimal dengan nilai kekuatan tarik 40,47 MPa. Observasi SEM mengonfirmasi bahwa penurunan kekuatan spesimen hibrida disebabkan oleh interfacial debonding akibat perbedaan sifat termal dan polaritas molekul antara fasa PLA yang getas dan fasa PETG yang ulet, sehingga fusi pada batas cetak melemah dan mereduksi kapasitas beban maksimal spesimen.

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